The Basic Determinants of Malnutrition: Resources, Structures, Ideas and Power

Abstract

The article examines the basic determinants of malnutrition, seeking to explain why different population groups experience different nutritional outcomes. Although child malnutrition has declined globally, inequalities persist due to the economic, social and political conditions in which people live.

The authors conducted a narrative review of the literature, drawing on the UNICEF conceptual framework and concepts from development studies. The analysis categorises the basic determinants of malnutrition into three main areas: material, human, social and natural resources; social, economic, legal and political structures; and ideas, beliefs and ideologies that influence social norms, institutions, power relations and marginalisation.

The article demonstrates that these factors influence access to food, healthcare services and the care necessary for adequate nutrition. It concludes that the basic determinants of malnutrition can be identified and addressed through policies and interventions that promote human rights, community participation, institutional accountability and a more equitable distribution of resources.